Micron Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Cer</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.math.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.phonos.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.phonos.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/mediawiki.page.gallery.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Cer rootpage-Cer skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cer</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr">
<table class="float-right infobox wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; font-size:120%; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center;">
<div id="table" style="position:relative;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:color:var(--color-inverted, #FFFFFF); color:var(--color-base, #000000); text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="30">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum; border:2px solid #72777D; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>1</sup> 5<a href="D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>1</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup></div>
<div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">58</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Ce</span></div>
<div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Allgemein
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">Cer, Ce, 58
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">La</a>, <a href="Chemische_Elemente_der_sechsten_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der sechsten Periode">6</a>, <a href="Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">f</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Aussehen
</td>
<td>silbrig weiß
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-45-1">7440-45-1</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>231-154-9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.322">100.028.322</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td>Massenanteil an der <a href="Erdh%C3%BClle" title="Erdhülle">Erdhülle</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">43&nbsp;ppm (28. Rang)<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">140,116(1)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">185 <a href="Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius">Kovalenter Radius</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">204 pm
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>1</sup> 5<a href="D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>1</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1. <a href="Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>5<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>5386(4) <a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-cerium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap">534<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>39 <a href="Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-cerium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">10<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>956(20) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-cerium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>057<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>09 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-cerium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">20<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>1974(25) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-cerium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>948<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>75 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-cerium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">36<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>906(9) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-cerium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">3</span>560<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>9 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-cerium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">65<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>55(25) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-cerium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">6</span>320 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-cerium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>fest
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">kubisch flächenzentriert
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">6,773 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="H%C3%A4rte#Mohs" title="Härte">Mohshärte</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">2,5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetismus</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paramagnetismus" title="Paramagnetismus">paramagnetisch</a> (<a href="Magnetische_Suszeptibilit%C3%A4t" title="Magnetische Suszeptibilität"><i>χ<sub>m</sub></i></a> = 1,4 · 10<sup>−3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1068 <a href="Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (795 °C)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">3743 K<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (3470 °C)
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Molares_Volumen" title="Molares Volumen">Molares Volumen</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">20,69 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verdampfungsenthalpie" title="Verdampfungsenthalpie">Verdampfungsenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">398 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzenthalpie" title="Schmelzenthalpie">Schmelzenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">5,5 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Schallgeschwindigkeit" title="Schallgeschwindigkeit">Schallgeschwindigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">2100 m·s<sup>−1</sup> bei 293,15 K
</td></tr>




<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit">Elektrische Leitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1,35 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="Siemens_(Einheit)" title="Siemens (Einheit)">S</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit">Wärmeleitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">11 <a href="Watt_(Einheit)" title="Watt (Einheit)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><b>+3</b>, +4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a>
</td>
<td>−2,34 <a href="Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (Ce<sup>3+</sup> + 3&nbsp;e<sup>−</sup> → Ce)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität">Elektronegativität</a>
</td>
<td>1,12 (<a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t#Pauling-Skala" title="Elektronegativität">Pauling-Skala</a>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Isotope
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="wikitable center darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122; border:hidden; margin:0;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a>
</td>
<td><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>)
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>134</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>3,16 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>0,500
</td>
<td><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><sup>134</sup>La</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>135</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>17,7 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>2,026
</td>
<td><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><sup>135</sup>La</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>136</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">0,19&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>137</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>9,0 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>1,222
</td>
<td><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><sup>137</sup>La</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>138</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">0,25&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>139</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>137,64 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>0,581
</td>
<td><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><sup>139</sup>La</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>140</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">88,48&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>141</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>32,501 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>0,581
</td>
<td><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><sup>141</sup>Pr</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>142</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">11,08&nbsp;%
</td>
<td>5 · 10<sup>16</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Doppelter_Betazerfall" title="Doppelter Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>4,505
</td>
<td><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><sup>142</sup>Nd</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>143</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>33,039 h
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>1,462
</td>
<td><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><sup>143</sup>Pr</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>144</sup>Ce<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>284,893 d
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>0,319
</td>
<td><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><sup>144</sup>Pr</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122;">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_51_bis_Ordnungszahl_60#58_Cer" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 51 bis Ordnungszahl 60">Liste der Isotope</a>
</th></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">


<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="02 – Leicht-/Hochentzündlich"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Entzündbarer Feststoff.">228</span></span></a>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Inhalt unter inertem Gas/… handhaben und aufbewahren. Vor Feuchtigkeit schützen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">231+232</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Behälter dicht verschlossen halten.">233</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz/… tragen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">280</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Brand: … zum Löschen … verwenden.
(Die vom Gesetzgeber offen gelassenen Einfügungen sind vom Inverkehrbringer zu ergänzen)
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">370+378</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="In einem geschlossenen Behälter an einem trockenen Ort aufbewahren.">402+404</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Inhalt / Behälter … zuführen.
(Die vom Gesetzgeber offen gelassene Einfügung ist vom Inverkehrbringer zu ergänzen)">501</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:Plum; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center; color:#202122; font-size:smaller;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.
</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Cer</b> (<i><a href="Internationales_Phonetisches_Alphabet" title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet">IPA</a>:</i> [<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r227981795">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><span class="navigation-not-searchable"><span class="IPA"><a href="Liste_der_IPA-Zeichen" title="Liste der IPA-Zeichen"><span title="Aussprache im Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet (IPA)" lang="zxx">t͡seːɐ̯</span></a></span></span>]<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <span class="navigation-not-searchable" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c2\/De-Cer.ogg\/De-Cer.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;<span style=\&quot;white-space:initial;\&quot;>anh\u00f6ren<\/span>&quot;},&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;de&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;De-Cer.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/De-Cer.ogg/De-Cer.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Audio abspielen" title="Audio abspielen" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="white-space:initial;">anhören</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">ⓘ</sup></span></span>; seltener auch <i>Zer</i> bzw. <i>Cerium</i> genannt) ist ein <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Ce und der <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 58. Im <a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der Gruppe der <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> und zählt damit auch zu den <a href="Metalle_der_Seltenen_Erden" title="Metalle der Seltenen Erden">Metallen der Seltenen Erden</a>.
</p><p>Cer ist ein silbergraues, relativ weiches, <a href="Duktil" class="mw-redirect" title="Duktil">duktiles</a>, <a href="Paramagnetisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramagnetisch">paramagnetisches</a> und reaktives Metall. Es ist das am häufigsten vorkommende <a href="Lanthanoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanoid">Lanthanoid</a>, es ist in etwa so häufig wie <a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Kupfer</a>. In reiner Form kommt Cer überhaupt nicht in der Natur vor, anstatt dessen wird das meiste Cer aus <a href="Ceriterde" title="Ceriterde">Ceriterden</a> gewonnen. Die weltweite, jährliche Produktion von Cer liegt bei nur 24.000 <a href="Tonne_(Einheit)" title="Tonne (Einheit)">Tonnen</a>. Wie alle Lanthanoide ist Cer leicht giftig. Eine viel größere Gefahr ist allerdings die <a href="Entflammbarkeit" title="Entflammbarkeit">Entflammbarkeit</a> von Cer; schon bei Temperaturen von nur 65 °C kann sich reines Cer von allein entzünden.
</p><p>Cer wurde 1803 entdeckt, das reine Metall wurde allerdings erst 1825 hergestellt. Cer wurde nach dem wenige Jahre zuvor (1801) entdeckten <a href="(1)_Ceres" title="(1) Ceres">Zwergplaneten Ceres</a> benannt. Eine biologische Funktion von Cer ist bislang nur aus einer Bakterienart bekannt. Die Hauptverwendung von Cer ist die Herstellung von <a href="Mischmetall" title="Mischmetall">Mischmetall</a>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>

<p>1751 beschrieb <a href="Axel_Frederic_Cronstedt" title="Axel Frederic Cronstedt">Axel Frederic Cronstedt</a> zwei <a href="Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerale</a> aus Bispberg bei <a href="S%C3%A4ter" title="Säter">Säter</a> und Bastnäs, die er beide <i>tungsten</i> („schwerer Stein“) nannte. Im Mineral aus Bispberg konnte 1781 <a href="Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> das <a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram">Wolfram</a> finden, es wurde <a href="Scheelit" title="Scheelit">Scheelit</a> genannt. Das andere Mineral untersuchte er nur unvollständig, er fand kein Wolfram, stattdessen nur <a href="Silicium" title="Silicium">Silicium</a>, <a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> und <a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Eisen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trofast_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trofast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ab 1803 untersuchten <a href="Wilhelm_Hisinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Hisinger">Wilhelm Hisinger</a> und <a href="J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a> den <i>tungsten</i> aus Bastnäs, ob er das mittlerweile von <a href="Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a> entdeckte <a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> enthalten könnte. Dabei fanden sie ein zwar dem Yttrium ähnliches, aber deutlich unterscheidbares Element, das sie vorläufig <i>Bastium</i> (nach Bastnäs), bald aber <i>Cerium</i> und das Mineral <i><a href="Cerit" title="Cerit">Cerit</a></i>, nach dem 1801 entdeckten Zwergplaneten <a href="(1)_Ceres" title="(1) Ceres">Ceres</a>, nannten. Um ihre Entdeckung abzusichern, stellten Hiesinger und Berzelius Salze des unbekannten Elementes mit verschiedenen Säuren her.<sup id="cite_ref-Trofast_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trofast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Gleichzeitig mit Hisinger und Berzelius untersuchte auch <a href="Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth">Martin Heinrich Klaproth</a> das Mineral aus Bastnäs und fand darin eine unbekannte, typisch hellbraun gefärbte Erde, die er nach <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Altgriechische_Sprache" title="Altgriechische Sprache">altgriechisch</a></span> <span lang="grc-Grek" class="Grek" style="font-style:normal">ὠχρός</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261937631">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><span class="Latn" lang="grc-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">ōchrós</span> „blassgelb“ <i>Ochroït-Erde</i> und das Mineral <i>Ochroït</i> nannte.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Da beide gleichzeitig die Entdeckung des neuen Elementes verkündeten, beanspruchten sowohl Hisinger und Berzelius als auch Klaproth die Priorität für die Entdeckung und damit das Recht, den Namen des Elementes zu bestimmen. Dies wurde schließlich von <a href="Adolph_Ferdinand_Gehlen" title="Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen">Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen</a>, dem Herausgeber der Zeitschrift <i>Neues allgemeines Journal der Chemie</i> entschieden, in der beide Artikel zur Entdeckung erschienen waren. Dieser entschied für Berzelius und Hisinger, da in deren Arbeit stärker die metallische Natur der entdeckten Substanz betont wurde, während Klaproth eher unbestimmt von einer <i>Erde</i> sprach. Klaproth akzeptierte Cerium als Name des neuen Elementes.<sup id="cite_ref-Trofast_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trofast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1826 gelang es <a href="Carl_Gustav_Mosander" title="Carl Gustav Mosander">Carl Gustav Mosander</a>, durch Reaktion von <a href="Kalium" title="Kalium">Kaliumdampf</a> mit <a href="Cerchlorid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerchlorid">Cerchlorid</a> ein stark verunreinigtes metallisches Cer in Form eines braunen Pulvers zu erhalten.<sup id="cite_ref-Trofast_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trofast-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er entdeckte auch, dass Cerit neben Cer auch weitere Elemente enthält. 1839 isolierte er das <a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">Lanthan</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 1842 das <a href="Didym" title="Didym">Didym</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dieses stellte sich seinerseits als Mischung von <a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Praseodym</a> und <a href="Neodym" title="Neodym">Neodym</a> heraus.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1875 konnten <a href="William_Hillebrand" title="William Hillebrand">William Hillebrand</a> und Thomas Herbert Norton durch <a href="Elektrolyse" title="Elektrolyse">Elektrolyse</a> von Cerchlorid reines Cer gewinnen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Erstmals verwendet wurde Cer 1890 von <a href="Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a>. Er hatte bei der Trennung von <a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">Thoriumerzen</a> bemerkt, dass Lösungen, die Thorium und geringe Mengen Cer enthalten, durch eine Flamme stark leuchten können. Daraus entwickelte er einen <a href="Gl%C3%BChstrumpf" title="Glühstrumpf">Glühstrumpf</a> für die <a href="Gasbeleuchtung" title="Gasbeleuchtung">Gasbeleuchtung</a>, der etwa 99&nbsp;% <a href="Thorium(IV)-oxid" title="Thorium(IV)-oxid">Thorium-</a> und 1&nbsp;% <a href="Cer(IV)-oxid" title="Cer(IV)-oxid">Cer(IV)-oxid</a> enthielt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>

<p>Cer ist auf der Erde ein zwar insgesamt seltenes, mit einem Gehalt von 66&nbsp;<a href="Parts_per_million" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> in der <a href="Kontinentale_Erdkruste" title="Kontinentale Erdkruste">kontinentalen Erdkruste</a> verbreitet vorkommendes Element. Seine <a href="Liste_der_H%C3%A4ufigkeiten_chemischer_Elemente" title="Liste der Häufigkeiten chemischer Elemente">Häufigkeit</a> ist vergleichbar mit der von anderen Metallen wie <a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Kupfer</a> oder <a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zink</a>. Cer ist das häufigste Seltenerdmetall vor <a href="Neodym" title="Neodym">Neodym</a> und <a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">Lanthan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wie die anderen Lanthanoide ist Cer ein <a href="Goldschmidt-Klassifikation" title="Goldschmidt-Klassifikation">lithophiles</a> Element, das vorwiegend in der <a href="Lithosph%C3%A4re" title="Lithosphäre">Lithosphäre</a> der Erde zu finden ist. Geochemisch wirkt Cer als ein <a href="Inkompatibles_Element" title="Inkompatibles Element">inkompatibles Element</a>, das sich beim teilweisen Schmelzen und der <a href="Fraktionierte_Kristallisation_(Petrologie)" title="Fraktionierte Kristallisation (Petrologie)">fraktionierten Kristallisation</a> von <a href="Magma" title="Magma">Magma</a> bevorzugt in der Schmelze anreichert. Es ist daher stärker in der kontinentalen Erdkruste im Vergleich zum <a href="Erdmantel" title="Erdmantel">Erdmantel</a> konzentriert.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyclGeochem_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyclGeochem-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Im Gegensatz zu anderen Lanthanoiden ist Cer nicht nur als dreiwertiges, sondern auch als vierwertiges Ion stabil. Darum kann das normalerweise dreiwertig vorliegende Cer unter speziellen, stark oxidativen Bedingungen zu vierwertigem Cer <a href="Oxidation" title="Oxidation">oxidiert</a> werden, das stark abweichende Eigenschaften besitzt. Es kommt zur sogenannten <i>Cer-Anomalie</i> bei der Gesteine und Minerale einen erhöhten (positiv) oder erniedrigten (negativ) Gehalt an Cer im Vergleich zu den anderen Lanthanoiden aufweist. Entscheidend für die Bildung von oxidativen Bedingungen ist vor allem der Gehalt von elementarem <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> in der Umgebung.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyclGeochem_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyclGeochem-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ein Mineral, das häufig eine positive Cer-Anomalie besitzt ist <a href="Zirkon" title="Zirkon">Zirkon</a>. Dies liegt daran, dass sowohl drei- als auch vierwertiges Cer <a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> im <a href="Kristallgitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristallgitter">Kristallgitter</a> des Minerals ersetzen kann. Allerdings wird vierwertiges Cer bedingt durch den gleichen Oxidationszustand und einen ähnlichen Ionenradius deutlich leichter in Zirkon eingebaut. Daher weist Zirkon, der in Magma mit einer hohen Sauerstoff-Fugazität entstanden ist, eine größere Cer-Anomalie auf.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auch bei der <a href="Verwitterung" title="Verwitterung">Verwitterung</a> kann in <a href="Laterit" title="Laterit">Lateriten</a> eine Cer-Anomalie auftreten.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Zudem kommt es in sauerstoffhaltigem <a href="Meerwasser" title="Meerwasser">Meerwasser</a> zu einer negativen Cer-Anomalie, da das Element vom gut löslichem dreiwertigen zum schwerlöslichem vierwertigen Ion oxidiert werden kann. Dieses reichert sich bevorzugt an der Oberfläche von manganhaltigen Mineralen wie <a href="Manganknolle" title="Manganknolle">Manganknollen</a> an, die dementsprechend eine positive Cer-Anomalie aufweisen. Da Mangan seinerseits Cer reduzieren kann, bildet sich ein Redox-Gleichgewicht aus. Wie stark die Cer-Anomalie ist, hängt maßgeblich vom Sauerstoffgehalt und dem <a href="PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert">pH-Wert</a> der Umgebung ab. Die Messung der Cer-Anomalie in Sedimentgesteinen kann daher zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes von Meerwasser in der <a href="Erdgeschichte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdgeschichte">Erdgeschichte</a> dienen. Der genaue Mechanismus der Oxidation von Cer im Meerwasser ist unklar, er kann wahrscheinlich entweder <a href="Abiotisch" title="Abiotisch">abiotisch</a> oder durch <a href="Mikroorganismus" title="Mikroorganismus">Mikroorganismen</a> erfolgen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<p>Cer bildet eine Vielzahl von Mineralen. In diesen kommen immer auch andere Seltene Erden vor, insbesondere die <a href="Ceriterden" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceriterden">Ceriterden</a> wie <a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Praseodym</a>, Neodym oder <a href="Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a>. Viele Cerminerale bilden <a href="Mischkristallreihe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mischkristallreihe">Mischkristallreihen</a>, bei denen neben den überwiegend cerhaltigen Endgliedern auch solche bekannt sind, bei denen andere Seltenerdelemente wie <a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a>, Lanthan oder Neodym überwiegen. Zu diesen zählen auch die häufigsten Cerminerale <a href="Monazit" title="Monazit">Monazit</a>, <a href="Allanit" title="Allanit">Allanit</a> und <a href="Bastn%C3%A4sit" title="Bastnäsit">Bastnäsit</a>. Insgesamt sind 2025 155 cerhaltige Minerale bekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In den meisten davon liegt Cer als dreiwertiges Ion vor, es gibt jedoch auch einige mit vierwertigen Cerionen, von denen Cerianit-(Ce), (Ce<sup>4+</sup>,Th)O<sub>2</sub>, das häufigste ist.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Zu den Orten mit den größten und wichtigsten Vorkommen an Ceriterden zählen <a href="Bayan_Obo" title="Bayan Obo">Bayan Obo</a> in der <a href="Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China">Volksrepublik China</a>, <a href="Arax%C3%A1" title="Araxá">Araxá</a> in <a href="Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a>, Amba Dongar in <a href="Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>, <a href="Mount_Weld" title="Mount Weld">Mount Weld</a> in <a href="Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>, <a href="Kuannersuit" title="Kuannersuit">Kuannersuit</a> auf <a href="Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland">Grönland</a>, <a href="Lowosero" title="Lowosero">Lowosero</a> in <a href="Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a> sowie die Bear Lodge Mountains in <a href="Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> und <a href="Mountain_Pass" title="Mountain Pass">Mountain Pass</a> in <a href="Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien">Kalifornien</a>, <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">Vereinigte Staaten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insbesondere in Bayan Obo befinden sich große Mengen Cer. Die Gesamtreserven an Seltenerdelementen in Bayan Obo werden auf 57,1&nbsp;Millionen Tonnen oder etwa 42&nbsp;% der Reserven auf der ganzen Welt geschätzt. Davon ist etwa die Hälfte Cer, die andere Hälfte teilt sich auf Lanthan, Neodym und geringere Anteile der anderen Seltenen Erden auf.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="Gediegen" title="Gediegen">Gediegenes</a> Cer wurde auf der Erde bislang nicht gefunden. Allerdings brachte die Raumsonde <a href="Luna_24" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a> unter anderen einen 2,5&nbsp;μm großen Partikel vom <a href="Mond" title="Mond">Mond</a> (<a href="Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a>) auf der Erde, der sich bei der Untersuchung als reines metallisches Cer ohne einen Gehalt an anderen Seltenerdmetallen erwies. Wahrscheinlich entstand es auf dem Mond durch Impaktereignisse.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cer ist jedoch bislang nicht von der <a href="International_Mineralogical_Association" title="International Mineralogical Association">International Mineralogical Association</a> als Mineral anerkannt, sein Status ist fraglich (questionable).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Herstellung">Gewinnung und Herstellung</h2></div>
<p>Nach einer aufwendigen Abtrennung der Cer-Begleiter wird das <a href="Oxide" title="Oxide">Oxid</a> mit <a href="Fluorwasserstoff" title="Fluorwasserstoff">Fluorwasserstoff</a> zum <a href="Cer(III)-fluorid" title="Cer(III)-fluorid">Cer(III)-fluorid</a> umgesetzt. Anschließend wird es mit <a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> unter Bildung von <a href="Calciumfluorid" title="Calciumfluorid">Calciumfluorid</a> zum Cer reduziert. Die Abtrennung verbleibender Calciumreste und Verunreinigungen erfolgt in einer zusätzlichen Umschmelzung im Vakuum.
Die jährliche Weltproduktion lag 2022 bei ca. 23.000 t.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physikalische_Eigenschaften">Physikalische Eigenschaften</h3></div>

<p>Von Cer sind vier Modifikationen bekannt:<sup id="cite_ref-Binder_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binder-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(\alpha )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {-196\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\beta )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {-24\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\gamma )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {726\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\delta )Cer} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>196</mn>
<msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>24</mn>
<msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mn>726</mn>
<msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {(\alpha )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {-196\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\beta )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {-24\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\gamma )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {726\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\delta )Cer} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5fea92470326fc85ea146ed407657b51483236b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:47.661ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {(\alpha )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {-196\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\beta )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {-24\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\gamma )Cer\ _{\overrightarrow {726\,^{\circ }\mathrm {C} }}\ (\delta )Cer} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das silbrigweiß glänzende Metall ist hinter <a href="Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> das zweitreaktivste Element der <a href="Lanthanoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanoid">Lanthanoide</a>. Oberhalb von 150&nbsp;<a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a> verbrennt es unter heftigem Glühen zum <a href="Cerdioxid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerdioxid">Cerdioxid</a>. Mit Wasser reagiert es zum <a href="Cer(III)-hydroxid" title="Cer(III)-hydroxid">Cer(III)-hydroxid</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemische_Eigenschaften">Chemische Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Cer kommt in Verbindungen als dreiwertiges farbloses oder vierwertiges gelbes bis orangefarbiges <a href="Kation" title="Kation">Kation</a> vor.
</p><p>Unter Wärmeeinfluss wird es durch <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> und Wasser sehr stark angegriffen. Auch in <a href="Alkalische_L%C3%B6sung" title="Alkalische Lösung">Laugen</a> wird es unter Bildung von Cer-Hydroxiden stark angegriffen. In <a href="S%C3%A4uren" title="Säuren">Säuren</a> wird es zu Salzen gelöst.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Da sich die chemischen Eigenschaften der <a href="Metalle_der_Seltenen_Erden" title="Metalle der Seltenen Erden">Seltenen Erden</a> ähneln, wird metallisches Cer selten in Reinform eingesetzt, sondern in der Mischung, in der es bei der Herstellung aus den Seltenerd-Mineralien anfällt, dem sogenannten <a href="Mischmetall" title="Mischmetall">Mischmetall</a>.
</p>
<ul><li>In der <a href="Metallurgie" title="Metallurgie">Metallurgie</a> dient Mischmetall als Zusatz für Aluminiumlegierungen und hochtemperaturbeständige <a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Eisenbasis</a><a href="Legierung" title="Legierung">legierungen</a>. Es unterstützt im Schmelzprozess die Abtrennung von <a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel">Schwefel</a> und <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a>.</li>
<li>Die Eisen-Mischmetall-Legierung <a href="Auermetall" title="Auermetall">Cereisen</a> dient als Ausgangsstoff für <a href="Z%C3%BCndstein" title="Zündstein">Zündsteine</a> für die Verwendung in <a href="Feuerzeug" title="Feuerzeug">Feuerzeugen</a> und zur Erzeugung von Funkenregen auf <a href="Achterbahn" title="Achterbahn">Achterbahnen</a> und in Filmszenen (Unfallszenen).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Geringe Beimengungen von (mehr oder weniger reinen) Cer-Verbindungen verleihen anderen Materialien bestimmte Eigenschaften:
</p>
<ul><li>Cerdioxid (CeO<sub>2</sub>) wird zur Stabilisierung des keramischen <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysatorträgers</a> aus <a href="Aluminiumoxid" title="Aluminiumoxid">Aluminiumoxid</a> für <a href="Fahrzeugkatalysator" title="Fahrzeugkatalysator">Autoabgaskatalysatoren</a> verwendet</li>
<li>Bestandteil einiger Spezialgläser, zum Beispiel <a href="UV-Filter_(Fotografie)" title="UV-Filter (Fotografie)">UV-Filter</a> und <a href="Windschutzscheibe" title="Windschutzscheibe">Windschutzscheiben</a>, und Enttrübungsmittel in der Glasherstellung</li>
<li>zur Färbung von <a href="Emaille" class="mw-redirect" title="Emaille">Emaille</a></li>
<li>Cerdioxid findet Verwendung als Poliermittel in der Glasbearbeitung</li>
<li>Cer-dotierte <a href="Fluoreszenz" title="Fluoreszenz">Fluoreszenz</a>-Farbstoffe (<a href="Leuchtstoff" title="Leuchtstoff">Leuchtstoffe</a>) in <a href="Bildr%C3%B6hre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bildröhre">Bildröhren</a>, Gasentladungslampen und weißen <a href="Leuchtdiode" title="Leuchtdiode">Leuchtdioden</a></li>
<li>als Dotierung in <a href="Gl%C3%BChstrumpf" title="Glühstrumpf">Glühstrümpfen</a></li>
<li>Selbstreinigende Backöfen enthalten eine cerhaltige Beschichtung.</li>
<li><a href="Cer(IV)-sulfat" title="Cer(IV)-sulfat">Cer(IV)-sulfat</a> als <a href="Oxidationsmittel" title="Oxidationsmittel">Oxidationsmittel</a> in der <a href="Quantitative_Analyse" title="Quantitative Analyse">Quantitativen Analyse</a> (<a href="Cerimetrie" title="Cerimetrie">Cerimetrie</a>)</li>
<li>als Kontrastmittel bei <a href="Kernspinresonanz" title="Kernspinresonanz">Kernspinresonanz</a></li>
<li>zur Regeneration von <a href="Ru%C3%9Fpartikelfilter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rußpartikelfilter">Rußpartikelfiltern</a> im Kraftstoff gelöst beigemischt</li>
<li>als <a href="Oxidkathode" title="Oxidkathode">Oxidkathode</a> in Form von Cerhexaborid (CeB<sub>6</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>als Teil von nichtedelmetallhaltigen Aufbrennlegierungen in der <a href="Zahntechnik" title="Zahntechnik">Zahntechnik</a> (<a href="Keramik" title="Keramik">Keramik</a>)</li>
<li>als Oxidationsmittel für organische Synthesen mit Ceriumammoniumnitrat, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub></li>
<li>als <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysator</a>-Komponente zur Spaltung von <a href="Kohlenstoffdioxid" title="Kohlenstoffdioxid">CO<sub>2</sub></a>. Ein Forscherteam um Dr. Dorna Esrafilzadeh der <a href="RMIT_University" title="RMIT University">RMIT</a>-Universität in Melbourne verwendet Cer als eine Komponente in einem Flüssigmetall-Katalysator, um das <a href="Treibhausgas" title="Treibhausgas">Treibhausgas</a> CO<sub>2</sub> bei Raumtemperatur in <a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">Kohlenstoff</a> und <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> zu spalten. Die katalytisch eingesetzte Flüssigmetall-Legierung aus <a href="Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a>, <a href="Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a>, <a href="Zinn" title="Zinn">Zinn</a> und Cer dient dabei als Stromleiter und <a href="Elektrolyt" title="Elektrolyt">Elektrolyt</a>. In dem chemischen Prozess wird das dreiwertige Kation (Cer<sup>3+</sup>) zum metallischen Cer <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">reduziert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologische_Bedeutung">Biologische Bedeutung</h2></div>
<p>2013 wurde erstmals ein <a href="Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzym</a> in <a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a> entdeckt, das Cer-Ionen für seine Funktion benötigt. Die Bakterien der Art <i><a href="Methylacidiphilum_fumariolicum" title="Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum">Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum</a></i> wurden aus vulkanischen Schlammtümpeln in Italien isoliert. Sie benötigen Cer zum Aufbau der Methanol-Dehydrogenase, eines Enzyms im Methan-Stoffwechsel. Das Ion hat dabei die Rolle, die in ähnlichen Enzymen in anderen Bakterien von Calciumionen übernommen wird.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI10.1111/1462-2920.12249_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI10.1111/1462-2920.12249-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sicherheitshinweise">Sicherheitshinweise</h2></div>
<p>Cer ist, wie alle Lanthanoide, leicht giftig. Metallisches Cer kann sich schon ab 65&nbsp;°C entzünden. Als fein verteiltes Metall kann es sich an der Luft ohne Energiezufuhr erhitzen und schließlich entzünden. Die Zündbereitschaft hängt u.&nbsp;a. sehr stark von der Korngröße und dem Verteilungsgrad ab. Cerbrände dürfen nicht mit Wasser gelöscht werden, da sich gasförmiger <a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a> entwickelt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindungen">Verbindungen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxide">Oxide</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Cer(III)-oxid" title="Cer(III)-oxid">Cer(III)-oxid</a> Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, goldglänzender keramischer Feststoff</li>
<li><a href="Cer(IV)-oxid" title="Cer(IV)-oxid">Cer(IV)-oxid</a> CeO<sub>2</sub></li>
<li>Cer(III,IV)-oxid Ce<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, blauer keramischer Feststoff</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenide">Halogenide</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Cer(III)-fluorid" title="Cer(III)-fluorid">Cer(III)-fluorid</a> CeF<sub>3</sub></li>
<li><a href="Cer(IV)-fluorid" title="Cer(IV)-fluorid">Cer(IV)-fluorid</a> CeF<sub>4</sub></li>
<li><a href="Cer(III)-chlorid" title="Cer(III)-chlorid">Cer(III)-chlorid</a> CeCl<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;·&nbsp;7&nbsp;H<sub>2</sub>O, weiße stark <a href="Hygroskopisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygroskopisch">hygroskopische</a> Substanz</li>
<li><a href="Cer(III)-bromid" title="Cer(III)-bromid">Cer(III)-bromid</a> CeBr<sub>3</sub></li>
<li><a href="Cer(III)-iodid" title="Cer(III)-iodid">Cer(III)-iodid</a> CeI<sub>3</sub></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonstige_Verbindungen">Sonstige Verbindungen</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Cer(III)-sulfat" title="Cer(III)-sulfat">Cer(III)-sulfat</a> Ce<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;·&nbsp;8&nbsp;H<sub>2</sub>O, farblose Substanz</li>
<li><a href="Cer(IV)-sulfat" title="Cer(IV)-sulfat">Cer(IV)-sulfat</a> Ce(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, gelbe Substanz</li>
<li><a href="Cer(III)-nitrat" title="Cer(III)-nitrat">Cer(III)-nitrat</a> Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;·&nbsp;6&nbsp;H<sub>2</sub>O</li>
<li><a href="Cer(III)-oxalat" title="Cer(III)-oxalat">Cer(III)-oxalat</a> Ce<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;·&nbsp;10&nbsp;H<sub>2</sub>O</li>
<li><a href="Ammoniumcer(IV)-nitrat" title="Ammoniumcer(IV)-nitrat">Ammoniumcer(IV)-nitrat</a> (CAN) (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>, orangerot</li>
<li><a href="Ammoniumcer(IV)-sulfat" title="Ammoniumcer(IV)-sulfat">Ammoniumcer(IV)-sulfat</a> (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Ce(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>·&nbsp;H<sub>2</sub>O</li>
<li><a href="Cer(IV)-perchlorat" title="Cer(IV)-perchlorat">Cer(IV)-perchlorat</a> Ce(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></li>
<li><a href="Cerwolframat" title="Cerwolframat">Cerwolframat</a> Ce<sub>2</sub>(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></li></ul>
<ul class="center gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Cer(III)-chlorid</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Cer(IV)-sulfat</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Ammoniumcer(IV)-nitrat</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cerium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Cer</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cer" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Cer">Wiktionary: Cer</a></b>&nbsp;– Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<ul><li>Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-03-00917"><i>Cer</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Harry_H._Binder" title="Harry H. Binder">Harry H. Binder</a>: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente.</i> S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte der atomaren und physikalischen Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind (soweit nicht anders angegeben) aus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/cerium/">webelements.com (Cer)</a> entnommen.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm">CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-cerium-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-cerium_4-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=cerium&amp;units=1&amp;e_out=0&amp;unc_out=1&amp;at_num_out=1&amp;el_name_out=1&amp;ion_charge_out=1&amp;biblio=1"><i>cerium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cer&amp;rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&amp;rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> Abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Webelements-cerium-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-cerium_5-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/cerium/atoms.html"><i>cerium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="N._N._Greenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="N. N. Greenwood">N. N. Greenwood</a>, <a href="A._Earnshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Earnshaw">A. Earnshaw</a>: <i>Chemie der Elemente.</i> 1. Auflage. VCH, Weinheim 1988, ISBN 3-527-26169-9, S.&nbsp;1579.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Weast (Hrsg.): <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company), Boca Raton 1990, ISBN 0-8493-0470-9, S. E-129 bis E-145. Werte dort sind auf g/mol bezogen und in cgs-Einheiten angegeben. Der hier angegebene Wert ist der daraus berechnete maßeinheitslose SI-Wert.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: <i>Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data</a>.</i> 56, 2011, S.&nbsp;328–337, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/je1011086" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/je1011086">doi:10.1021/je1011086</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=008430">Cer, Späne</a></span> in der <a href="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank" title="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank">GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank</a> des <a href="Institut_f%C3%BCr_Arbeitsschutz_der_Deutschen_Gesetzlichen_Unfallversicherung" title="Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung">IFA</a>, abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;April 2018.<small class="noscript"><span></span> (JavaScript erforderlich)</small></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stefan Kleiner, Ralf Knöbl, Max Mangold (†) et al. in Zusammenarbeit mit der Dudenredaktion: <cite style="font-style:italic">Duden Aussprachewörterbuch</cite>. 7. Auflage. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>6</span>. Dudenverlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>268</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cer&amp;rft.au=Stefan+Kleiner%2C+Ralf+Kn%C3%B6bl%2C+Max+Mangold+%28%E2%80%A0%29+et+al.+in+Zusammenarbeit+mit+der+Dudenredaktion&amp;rft.btitle=Duden+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.edition=7.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783411040674&amp;rft.pages=268&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Dudenverlag&amp;rft.volume=6" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>angepasst von:</i> Eva-Maria Krech, Eberhard Stock, Ursula Hirschfeld, Lutz Christian Anders et al.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch</cite>. 1. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>406</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Cer&amp;rft.au=Eva-Maria+Krech%2C+Eberhard+Stock%2C+Ursula+Hirschfeld%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Deutsches+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.edition=1.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783110182026&amp;rft.pages=406&amp;rft.place=Berlin%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Trofast-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Trofast_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Trofast_12-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Trofast_12-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Trofast_12-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan Trofast: <i>The Discovery of Cerium - A Fascinating Story.</i> In: C.H. Evans (Hrsg.): <i>Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements.</i> Band 15, Kluwer Academic Publishers 1996, ISBN 978-94-009-0287-9, S. 13–36.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilhelm von Hiesinger, Jöns Jakob Berzelius: <i>Cerium Ein neues Metall aus einer Schwedischen Steinart, Bastnäs Tungsten genannt.</i> In: <i>Neues allgemeines Journal der Chemie.</i> Band 2, Heft 4, 1803, S.&nbsp;397–418 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00164070/NAJCh_1803_Bd02_%200425.tif">online</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Heinrich Klaproth: C<i>hemische Untersuchung des Ochroïts.</i> In: <i>Neues allgemeines Journal der Chemie.</i> Band 2, Heft 3, 1803, S.&nbsp;303–316 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00164070/NAJCh_1803_Bd02_%200325.tif">online</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paweł Miśkowiec: <i>Name game: the naming history of the chemical elements: part 2—turbulent nineteenth century.</i> In: <i>Foundations of Chemistry.</i> 2022, Band 25, Nummer 2, S.&nbsp;215–234 <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-022-09451-w">10.1007/s10698-022-09451-w</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C.G. Mosander: <i>Lantan, ein neues Metall.</i> In: <i>Poggendorffs Annalen.</i> 46, 1839, S.&nbsp;648–649 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15131x.image.f664.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C.G. Mosander: <i>Ein neues Metall, Didym, betreffend.</i> In: <i>Poggendorffs Annalen.</i> 56, 1842, S.&nbsp;503–505 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k151417.image.f515.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa, Mary Virginia Orna: <i>The Lost Elements.</i> Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4, S.&nbsp;171–173.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Bunsen: <i>Elektrolytische Abscheidung des Cers, Lanthans und Didyms.</i> In: <i>Poggendorffs Annalen.</i> 155, 1875, S.&nbsp;633–639 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15239z.image.f656.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna: <i>Carl Auer von Welsbach: Chemist, Inventor, Entrepreneur.</i> Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-77904-1, S.&nbsp;71–74.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CRC-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David R. Lide (Hrsg.): <i><a href="CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>. 85.&nbsp;Auflage. (Internet-Version: 2005), CRC Press&nbsp;/ Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton FL, <i>Geophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics; Abundance of Elements in the Earth's Crust and in the Sea</i>, S.&nbsp;14-14.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-EncyclGeochem-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EncyclGeochem_22-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EncyclGeochem_22-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine Chauvel: <i>Cerium.</i> In: William White (Hrsg.): <i>Encyclopedia of Geochemistry.</i> Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-39311-7, S.&nbsp;226–229.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shihua Zhong, Reimar Seltmann, Hongying Qu, Yingxin Song: <i>Characterization of the zircon Ce anomaly for estimation of oxidation state of magmas: a revised Ce/Ce* method.</i> In: <i>Mineralogy and Petrology,</i> Band 113, 2019, S.&nbsp;755–763, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-019-00682-y">10.1007/s00710-019-00682-y</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Jacques Braun, Maurice Pagel, Jean-Pierre Muller, Paul Bilong, Annie Michard, Bernard Guillet: <i>Cerium anomalies in lateritic profiles.</i> In: <i>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.</i> Band 54, Nr. 3, 1990, S.&nbsp;781–795, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037%2890%2990373-S">10.1016/0016-7037(90)90373-S</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosalie Tostevin: <i>Cerium Anomalies and Paleoredox.</i> In: <i>Elements in Geochemical Tracers in Earth System Science.</i> Cambridge University Press, 2021, S.&nbsp;1–6, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108847223">10.1017/9781108847223</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kun Zhang, Graham A. Shields: <i>Sedimentary Ce anomalies: Secular change and implications for paleoenvironmental evolution.</i> In: <i>Earth-Science Reviews.</i> Band 229, 2022, Artikel 104015, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104015">10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104015</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/element/Cerium"><i>The mineralogy of Cerium</i></a>. In: <i>mindat.org</i>, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, abgerufen am 23. Oktober 2025.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A.R. Graham: <i>Cerianite, CeO<sub>2</sub>: a new rare-earth oxide mineral.</i> In: <i>American Mineralogist.</i> Band 40 Nr. 7–8, 1955, S.&nbsp;560–564 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM40/AM40_560.pdf">online, pdf</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/min-929.html">Cerianite-(Ce).</a> In: <i>mindat.org</i>, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, abgerufen am 23. Oktober 2025.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M.P. Smith, K. Moore, D. Kavecsánszki, A.A. Finch, J. Kynicky, F. Wall: <i>From mantle to critical zone: A review of large and giant sized deposits of the rare earth elements.</i> In: <i>Geoscience Frontiers.</i> Band 7, 2016, S.&nbsp;315–334, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.12.006">10.1016/j.gsf.2015.12.006</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hong-Rui Fan, Kui-Feng Yang, Fang-Fang Hu, Shang Liu, Kai-Yi Wang: <i>The giant Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, China: Controversy and ore genesis.</i> In: <i>Geoscience Frontiers.</i> Band 7, Nr. 3, 2016, S.&nbsp;335–344, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.005">10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.005</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Bogatikov, A. I. Gorshkov, A. V. Mokhov, P.M. Kartashov, N. A. Ashikhmina, and L. 0. Magazina: <i>New Finds of Native Metals in a Lunar Regolith from the Crises Sea.</i> In: <i>Transactions (Doklady) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Earth Science Section.</i> Band 382, Nr. 1, S.&nbsp;83–85 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rruff.info/uploads/DES382_83.pdf">online, pdf</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/min-46643.html"><i>Native Cerium.</i></a> In: <i>mindat.org,</i> Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, abgerufen am 23. Oktober 2025.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verifiedmarketreports.com/product/cerium-dioxide-market/"><i>Cerium Dioxide Market Size, Market Research &amp; Forecast 2033.</i></a> In: <i>Verified Market Reports.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23.&nbsp;Juli 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ACer&amp;rft.title=Cerium+Dioxide+Market+Size%2C+Market+Research+%26+Forecast+2033&amp;rft.description=Cerium+Dioxide+Market+Size%2C+Market+Research+%26+Forecast+2033&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verifiedmarketreports.com%2Fproduct%2Fcerium-dioxide-market%2F&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Binder-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Binder_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry H. Binder: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente</i>, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3, S. 145.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treibacher.com/portfolio/zuendsteine/?product-cat=313">Zündsteine aus Auermetall, abgerufen am 5. Dezember 2022</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sindlhauser.de/lab6-keramik-und-kathoden.html"><i>LaB6-Keramik und -Kathoden (Lanthanhexaborid).</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 1.&nbsp;November 2021</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ACer&amp;rft.title=LaB6-Keramik+und+-Kathoden+%28Lanthanhexaborid%29&amp;rft.description=LaB6-Keramik+und+-Kathoden+%28Lanthanhexaborid%29&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sindlhauser.de%2Flab6-keramik-und-kathoden.html">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arne Grävemeyer: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/CO2-wird-zu-Kohle-bei-Raumtemperatur-4329963.html">CO<sub>2</sub> wird zu Kohle bei Raumtemperatur</a></i>; heise online, 8. März 2019.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert F.Service: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/02/liquid-metal-catalyst-turns-carbon-dioxide-coal">New way to turn carbon dioxide into coal could ‘rewind the emissions clock’</a>. In: <a href="Science" title="Science">Science</a>, 27. Februar 2019 <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1527">10.1126/science.aax1527</a></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Esrafilzadeh et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08824-8">Room temperature CO2 reduction to solid carbon species on liquid metals featuring atomically thin ceria interfaces</a>. In: <a href="Nature_Communications" title="Nature Communications">Nature Communications</a> 10, 865 (2019)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DOI10.1111/1462-2920.12249-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DOI10.1111/1462-2920.12249_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arjan Pol, Thomas R.M. Barends u.&nbsp;a.: <i>Rare earth metals are essential for methanotrophic life in volcanic mudpots.</i> In: <i>Environmental Microbiology.</i> 2013, S.&nbsp;n/a–n/a, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12249" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12249">doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12249</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r260755238">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste{border:1px solid var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1.5em;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-bild{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-kopf{background:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste.mw-collapsed .klappleiste-bild{display:none}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+link+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a>
</td>
<td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Helium" title="Helium">He</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Bor" title="Bor">B</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Selen" title="Selen">Se</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Brom" title="Brom">Br</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Indium" title="Indium">In</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Iod" title="Iod">I</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ce</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Gold" title="Gold">Au</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Astat" title="Astat">At</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Uran" title="Uran">U</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Americium" title="Americium">Am</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div>
<div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten">
<div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;">
<div>
Normdaten&nbsp;(Sachbegriff): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4147480-6">4147480-6</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85022138">sh85022138</a></span> </div>
</div></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-12-30" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cer&amp;oldid=262865341">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>

</body></html>